Open a Screen cc65

[TGB1718]

I'm have a strange problem, I want to open a normal BASIC Mode 0 screen using cc65.

 

I've checked the header file and found a function _graphics() which says it uses the same parameters as BASIC

 

So _graphics(0) should give me a standard 40 column text mode screen, what I get is a black screen and it hangs (I think as I can't see anything :)).

 

If I remove the _graphics(0) call, my program runs fine (its the first line in my code).

 

While the call is not essential for this program, I may need to call this in future programs, so would like to resolve whats wrong, is there

something else I should be calling.

 

#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <peekpoke.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <atari.h>

 

void main(void)
{
    flag=0;

    _graphics(0);
    clrscr();
    POKE(710,57);
    POKE(709,2);
    POKE(712,200);
    gotoxy(0,0);
    printf("---------------------------------------");

[Irgendwer]

See:

https://atariage.com/forums/topic/242757-black-screen-crash-when-using-_graphics-call-in-cc65/

(inspect explanation from "dmsc")

 

If you use the std. Atari configuration with the added byte for reserved memory:

FEATURES {
    STARTADDRESS: default = $2000;
}
SYMBOLS {
    __EXEHDR__:          type = import;
    __SYSTEM_CHECK__:    type = import;  # force inclusion of "system check" load chunk
    __AUTOSTART__:       type = import;  # force inclusion of autostart "trailer"
    __STACKSIZE__:       type = weak, value = $0800; # 2k stack
    __STARTADDRESS__:    type = export, value = %S;
    __RESERVED_MEMORY__: type = weak, value = $0001;
}
MEMORY {
    ZP:         file = "", define = yes, start = $0082, size = $007E;

# file header, just $FFFF
    HEADER:     file = %O,               start = $0000, size = $0002;

# "system check" load chunk
    SYSCHKHDR:  file = %O,               start = $0000, size = $0004;
    SYSCHKCHNK: file = %O,               start = $2E00, size = $0300;
    SYSCHKTRL:  file = %O,               start = $0000, size = $0006;

# "main program" load chunk
    MAINHDR:    file = %O,               start = $0000, size = $0004;
    MAIN:       file = %O, define = yes, start = %S,    size = $BC20 - __STACKSIZE__ - __RESERVED_MEMORY__ - %S;
    TRAILER:    file = %O,               start = $0000, size = $0006;
}
SEGMENTS {
    ZEROPAGE:  load = ZP,         type = zp;
    EXTZP:     load = ZP,         type = zp,                optional = yes;
    EXEHDR:    load = HEADER,     type = ro;
    SYSCHKHDR: load = SYSCHKHDR,  type = ro,                optional = yes;
    SYSCHK:    load = SYSCHKCHNK, type = rw,  define = yes, optional = yes;
    SYSCHKTRL: load = SYSCHKTRL,  type = ro,                optional = yes;
    MAINHDR:   load = MAINHDR,    type = ro;
    STARTUP:   load = MAIN,       type = ro,  define = yes;
    LOWBSS:    load = MAIN,       type = rw,                optional = yes;  # not zero initialized
    LOWCODE:   load = MAIN,       type = ro,  define = yes, optional = yes;
    ONCE:      load = MAIN,       type = ro,                optional = yes;
    CODE:      load = MAIN,       type = ro,  define = yes;
    RODATA:    load = MAIN,       type = ro;
    DATA:      load = MAIN,       type = rw;
    INIT:      load = MAIN,       type = rw,                optional = yes;
    BSS:       load = MAIN,       type = bss, define = yes;
    AUTOSTRT:  load = TRAILER,    type = ro;
}
FEATURES {
    CONDES: type    = constructor,
            label   = __CONSTRUCTOR_TABLE__,
            count   = __CONSTRUCTOR_COUNT__,
            segment = ONCE;
    CONDES: type    = destructor,
            label   = __DESTRUCTOR_TABLE__,
            count   = __DESTRUCTOR_COUNT__,
            segment = RODATA;
    CONDES: type    = interruptor,
            label   = __INTERRUPTOR_TABLE__,
            count   = __INTERRUPTOR_COUNT__,
            segment = RODATA,
            import  = __CALLIRQ__;
}

and build with it (option: -C configname ) or just the short variant:

 

cl65 -t atari  -D__RESERVED_MEMORY__=1 test.c -o test.xex

this code:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <peekpoke.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <atari.h>

 

void main(void)
{
    _graphics(0);
    clrscr();
    OS.color2 = 57;
    OS.color1 = 2;
    OS.color4 = 200;
    gotoxy(0,0);
    printf("---------------------------------------"); 

    while(1);
}

works:
 

Edited April 13, 2020 by Irgendwer

[TGB1718]

Many thanks for your reply, but I tried both methods and still get the black screen,

I even copy/pasted your example above and compiled it and that had the black screen too

I must be missing something here.

 

Using the config file with  :- cl65 -t atari -Catari.cfg --static-locals -o autodata.xex autodata.c

with this line modified in the atari.cfg file:-  __RESERVED_MEMORY__: type = weak, value = $0001;

 

I also tried :- cl65 -t atari -D__RESERVED_MEMORY__=1 --static-locals -o autodata.xex autodata.c

 

I'm using a 130XE, so memory size etc. as described in the link you provided shouldn't be an issue 

[Wrathchild]

Irgendwer didn't use --static-locals but I presume you tried without too (plus with a space after the -C)?

 

Can you build with an extra option: -Ln autodata.lbl

Then post the xex and label file so we can debug.

[Wrathchild]

@TGB1718 & @Irgendwer

 

I've spotted the problem... you can leave the cfg/atari.cfg as it was: __RESERVED_MEMORY__: type = weak, value = $0000;

 

But instead of passing the define to cl65 this needs to be passed onto the linker instead with: -Wl "-D__RESERVED_MEMORY__=1"

[TGB1718]

Thanks @Wrathchild , that fixed it, I'll have to look and see why this is required, and what that switch does.

 

It seems strange though to have to do something like this for a straightforward screen opening which is handled

internally by the OS.

 

Do you know if this switch is required if you do it by using CIO calls to open "S:" as you would in assembler ?

Like this but in "C" code 

 

0680  SCREENOPEN LDA #CLOSE ; MAKE SURE CHANNEL IS CLOSED
0690     LDX #$10
0700     STA ICCOM,X
0710     JSR CIOV
0720     LDA #0      ; RESERVE MEMORY
0730     STA APPMHI  ; FOR NEW SCREEN
0740     LDA #$80    ; ELSE OPEN WILL FAIL
0750     STA APPMHI+1
0760     LDA #OPEN
0770     STA ICCOM,X
0780     LDA #NAME1&255
0790     STA ICBAL,X
0800     LDA #NAME1/256
0810     STA ICBAH,X
0820     LDA #3
0830     STA ICBLL,X
0840     LDA #0
0850     STA ICBLH,X
0860     LDA #$0C    ;R/W
0870     STA ICAX1,X
0880     LDA #8
0890     STA ICAX2,X
0920     JSR CIOV

930       RTS

1000 NAME1 .BYTE "S:",$9B

[Irgendwer]

9 hours ago, Wrathchild said:

But instead of passing the define to cl65 this needs to be passed onto the linker instead with: -Wl "-D__RESERVED_MEMORY__=1"

Interesting. My command line as given above works exactly as it should. "Linux Mint" cl65 V2.18 - Git a560052
Thanks for the solution!

[Wrathchild]

3 minutes ago, Irgendwer said:

cl65 V2.18

I have cl65 V2.17 - Git 5c8854f

 

I'm not sure what the behaviour, say with gcc is, but I think the use of -D is just to pass to the pre-processor?

 

If you've edited the atari.cfg to non-zero then because the define isn't passed to the linker then it would use that and so work in your case?

[Irgendwer]

1 hour ago, Wrathchild said:

I'm not sure what the behaviour, say with gcc is, but I think the use of -D is just to pass to the pre-processor?

If you've edited the atari.cfg to non-zero then because the define isn't passed to the linker then it would use that and so work in your case?

Just tried to reproduce what I did. Don't know - of course you are right and the "-Wl" is necessary.

I only wonder why @TGB1718 wasn't able to create a working exe with the adapted config.
Thanks again!