From Specifications from the Atari website we know that the 2600+ Features a Rockchip 3128 SOC microprocessor with 256MB DDR3 RAM and 256MB eMMC fixed internal storage. But that isn't really satisfying enough.
We could already have a peek inside the 2600 tear down in this Unboxing & Teardown video and @Ben from Plaion showed a picture of his framed Atari2600+ parts on his wall. Today I could hold back my curiosity and opened up my 2600+ to have a closer look inside.
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I have to correct myself on this. My testing was incorrect before.
Connecting the 2600+ with a USB-C cable to your PC, putting the B-W / Color switch in the B-W position, pressing down game reset while powering on will put the 2600+ into 'Stella Adapter mode'.
So you can use original controllers hooked to the 2600+ as a USB controller to play games with Stella on your PC (Joystick port 2 must be configured in Stella to work)