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Why doesn't the CX55 VCS cartridge adaptor work with 5200 video upgrades?


x=usr(1536)

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Since this subject comes up quasi-regularly and has been answered many times in many threads by many people, it seemed like a good idea to give the question its own thread.  Hopefully this will make it easier to provide an answer without having to type it out yet again.

 

So, on to the question: why doesn't the CX55 VCS cartridge adaptor work with 5200 video upgrades?

 

 

TL;DR answer:

 

The CX55 doesn't work with 5200 video upgrades because the 5200's video circuitry isn't designed in a way that's compatible with both the upgrades and the CX55's video output.

 

 

In-depth answer:

 

To understand why the CX55 doesn't work with 5200 video mods, there are three basic factors at play:

 

  1. The adapter is essentially a small-form-factor 4-switch Atari 2600 containing a complete 2600 chipset (TIA, RIOT, and 6507)
  2. It generates its own audio and composite output video signals completely independently of the 5200's hardware
  3. These signals are passed to the 5200 for output via its RF modulator, but do not follow the same path as the 5200's own video signals

 

Bear in mind that when the adapter is connected to the 5200, the 5200 does nothing more than provide power to the adapter and output for its audio and video signals.  None of the other hardware in the 5200 is interacting with it, and that includes the 5200's GTIA (display) chip.  This means that points 2. and 3. above are what make doing this difficult and/or subject to significant compromises.

 

With respect to point 2: the CX55 has the distinction of being the only 2600 derivative to have composite video output from the factory, in addition to composite being its only type of video output.  However, most decent-quality video upgrades require access to the LUM0 through LUM2 signals on the 2600's TIA chip, as well as its colour and sync signals.  In a stock system, these signals are combined to form composite video, which is then output to the RF modulator along with audio and everything makes its way to the TV from there.

 

The 5200 generates its video in much the same way, except that its GTIA chip adds a LUM3 signal to the others listed.  A video upgrade would typically have these signals brought directly to it from the GTIA, at which point the upgrade would create its own composite and/or S-Video (luma/chroma) signals.  These signals would then be output via a dedicated cable to the display, with audio handled independently.

 

Considering point 3: because the CX55 outputs composite video, its signal is sent to the 5200's RF modulator in a way that completely bypasses the 5200's own video path.  This makes sense, because the 5200's video path converts its GTIA video signals into composite before sending them off to the RF modulator; the CX55 has already done this, so it can circumvent this process.

 

However, the LUM0, LUM1, LUM2, sync, and colour signals from the CX55's TIA aren't brought over to the 5200 - just its audio and composite video signals.  Because of this, there is no way to directly feed the necessary video signals from the CX55 to a video upgrade on the 5200's PCB.  This also means that there is no good way for the CX55 to also use the video output from the upgrade in the 5200.

 

 

Are there any possible solutions?

 

It would probably be more accurate to say that there are possible compromises, but no particularly good solutions given the tradeoffs involved.

 

Option 1: Using one of the basic 2600 composite mod boards (the type that typically consist of one transistor and two resistors or similar), tap the CX55's composite and audio paths.  Feed audio and composite to the 2600 mod board, then, via a switch, to the same composite and audio outputs as the 5200's video upgrade uses.

 

The downside to this approach is that there is no S-Video output, which may or may not be a consideration.  The switch would also have to be installed somewhere that's accessible from outside of the case.  Additionally, video quality may not be much better than RF using this method - the mod boards referenced generally aren't known for providing high-quality video.

 

 

Option 2: Install a video upgrade in the CX55 itself as well as the necessary jacks and connect the adapter directly to an input on the TV.

 

While there is enough room inside the CX55 to accommodate most video upgrades, the combination of available interior space and case design leaves very few options for both the types of jacks that could reasonably be used as well as where to install those jacks.  This would also involve having a second set of cables running from the console to the TV, in addition to finding another input on the TV to attach them to.  Conceivably, they could also be routed to the cables used by the 5200's video upgrade via a switch, but it would still make for a less-than-elegant installation.

 

 

Option 3: Bring the CX55's video signals over to the 5200 via pins on the cartridge port that aren't used when the adapter is plugged in, and switch them into the 5200's video upgrade.

 

While this may sound like a good idea, modification to both the adapter and the 5200 that isn't easily-reversible would be required.  This would involve doing things like cutting traces, which carries a risk of significant damage to the 5200.  It would also be necessary to implement a way to handle switching video signals when the CX55 is plugged in, and switching them back to the 5200 again when it isn't.  While this would likely yield the best overall result, its complexity and potential for damage make it not as desirable as it may appear on paper.

 

 

The 7800 has a complete 2600 on board, and video upgrades work just fine on it.  Why can't the 5200 do it the same way as the 7800?

 

On a 7800, all of the signals that video upgrades require are present on its PCB regardless of whether it's in 7800 or 2600 mode.  On the 5200, they aren't, even when the CX55 is connected.  Due to this, the two can't really be compared.

 

 

Can the 5200's expansion port be used make this work?

 

No.

 

 

And that's about the size of it for right now.  By all means feel free to share any ideas you may have for how to make this a realistic possibility, but the paths of least resistance would be to either live with RF-only output when using the CX55, or buy a 2600 and use that for 2600 games.

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8 hours ago, x=usr(1536) said:

Since this subject comes up quasi-regularly and has been answered many times in many threads by many people, it seemed like a good idea to give the question its own thread.  Hopefully this will make it easier to provide an answer without having to type it out yet again.

 

So, on to the question: why doesn't the CX55 VCS cartridge adaptor work with 5200 video upgrades?

 

 

TL;DR answer:

 

The CX55 doesn't work with 5200 video upgrades because the 5200's video circuitry isn't designed in a way that's compatible with both the upgrades and the CX55's video output.

 

 

In-depth answer:

 

To understand why the CX55 doesn't work with 5200 video mods, there are three basic factors at play:

 

  1. The adapter is essentially a small-form-factor 4-switch Atari 2600 containing a complete 2600 chipset (TIA, RIOT, and 6507)
  2. It generates its own audio and composite video signals completely independently of the 5200's hardware
  3. These signals are passed to the 5200 for output via its RF modulator, but do not follow the same path as the 5200's own video signals

 

Bear in mind that when the adapter is connected to the 5200, the 5200 does nothing more than provide power to the adapter and output for its audio and video signals.  None of the other hardware in the 5200 is interacting with it, and that includes the 5200's GTIA (display) chip.  This means that points 2. and 3. above are what make doing this difficult and/or subject to significant compromises.

 

With respect to point 2.: the CX55 has the distinction of being the only 2600 derivative to have composite video output from the factory, in addition to composite being its only type of video output.  However, most decent-quality video upgrades require access to the LUM0 through LUM2 signals on the 2600's TIA chip, as well as its colour and sync signals.  In a stock system, these signals are combined to form composite video, which is then output to the RF modulator along with audio and everything makes its way to the TV from there.

 

The 5200 generates its video in much the same way, except that its GTIA chip adds a LUM3 signal to the others listed.  A video upgrade would typically have these signals brought directly to it from the GTIA, at which point the upgrade would create its own composite and/or S-Video (luma/chroma) signals.  These signals would then be output via a dedicated cable to the display, with audio handled independently.

 

Considering point 3.: because the CX55 outputs composite video, its signal is sent to the 5200's RF modulator in a way that completely bypasses the 5200's own video path.  This makes sense, because the 5200's video path converts its GTIA video signals into composite before sending them off to the RF modulator; the CX55 has already done this, so it can circumvent this process.

 

However, the LUM0, LUM1, LUM2, sync, and colour signals from the CX55's TIA aren't brought over to the 5200 - just its audio and composite video signals.  Because of this, there is no way to directly feed the CX55's signals directly to a video upgrade on the 5200's PCB.  This also means that there is no good way for the CX55 to share the video output from the upgrade in the 5200.

 

 

Are there any possible solutions?

 

It would probably be more accurate to say that there are possible compromises, but no particularly good solutions given the tradeoffs involved.

 

Option 1: Using one of the basic 2600 composite mod boards (the type that typically consist of a transistor and two resistors or similar), tap the CX55's composite and audio paths.  Feed audio and composite to the 2600 mod board, then, via a switch, to the same composite and audio outputs as the 5200's video upgrade uses.

 

The downside to this approach is that there is no S-Video output, which may or may not be a consideration.  The switch would also have to be installed somewhere accessible from outside of the case.  Additionally, video quality may not be much better than RF using this method.

 

 

Option 2: Install a video upgrade in the CX55 itself as well as the necessary jacks and connect it directly to an input on the TV.

 

While there is enough room inside the CX55 to accommodate most video upgrades, the combination of available interior space and case design leaves very few options for where to install A/V jacks.  This would also involve having a second set of cables running from the console to the TV, and finding another input on the TV to attach them to.  Conceivably, they could also be routed to the cables used by the 5200's video upgrade via a switch, but it would still make for a less-than-elegant installation.

 

 

Option 3: Bring the CX55's video signals over to the 5200 via pins on the cartridge port that aren't used when the adapter is plugged in, and switch them into the 5200's video upgrade.

 

While this sounds like a good idea, it would involve modification (some of it not easily-reversible) to both the adapter and the 5200.  This would involve doing things like cutting traces, which is not particularly appealing.  There would also need to be a way to handle switching video signals when the CX55 is plugged in, and switching them back again when it isn't.  While this would likely yield the best overall result, its complexity and potential for damage make it not as desirable as it may appear on paper.

 

 

The 7800 has a complete 2600 on board, and video upgrades work just fine on it.  Why can't the 5200 do it the same way as the 7800?

 

On a 7800, all of the signals that video upgrades require are present on its PCB regardless of whether it's in 7800 or 2600 mode.  On the 5200, they aren't, even when the CX55 is connected.  Due to this, the two can't really be compared.

 

 

Can the 5200's expansion port make this work?

 

No.

 

 

And that's about the size of it for right now.  By all means feel free to share any ideas you may have for how to make this a realistic possibility.

I have a modern RF output conversion done to my 5200. The video using the CX55 is perfect. My issue is that I get barely any audio. Im totally cool with it though as with 2600 games, the audio really doesnt make much of a difference for me.

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8 hours ago, x=usr(1536) said:

Since this subject comes up quasi-regularly and has been answered many times in many threads by many people, it seemed like a good idea to give the question its own thread.  Hopefully this will make it easier to provide an answer without having to type it out yet again.

 

So, on to the question: why doesn't the CX55 VCS cartridge adaptor work with 5200 video upgrades?

 

 

TL;DR answer:

 

The CX55 doesn't work with 5200 video upgrades because the 5200's video circuitry isn't designed in a way that's compatible with both the upgrades and the CX55's video output.

 

 

In-depth answer:

 

To understand why the CX55 doesn't work with 5200 video mods, there are three basic factors at play:

 

  1. The adapter is essentially a small-form-factor 4-switch Atari 2600 containing a complete 2600 chipset (TIA, RIOT, and 6507)
  2. It generates its own audio and composite video signals completely independently of the 5200's hardware
  3. These signals are passed to the 5200 for output via its RF modulator, but do not follow the same path as the 5200's own video signals

 

Bear in mind that when the adapter is connected to the 5200, the 5200 does nothing more than provide power to the adapter and output for its audio and video signals.  None of the other hardware in the 5200 is interacting with it, and that includes the 5200's GTIA (display) chip.  This means that points 2. and 3. above are what make doing this difficult and/or subject to significant compromises.

 

With respect to point 2.: the CX55 has the distinction of being the only 2600 derivative to have composite video output from the factory, in addition to composite being its only type of video output.  However, most decent-quality video upgrades require access to the LUM0 through LUM2 signals on the 2600's TIA chip, as well as its colour and sync signals.  In a stock system, these signals are combined to form composite video, which is then output to the RF modulator along with audio and everything makes its way to the TV from there.

 

The 5200 generates its video in much the same way, except that its GTIA chip adds a LUM3 signal to the others listed.  A video upgrade would typically have these signals brought directly to it from the GTIA, at which point the upgrade would create its own composite and/or S-Video (luma/chroma) signals.  These signals would then be output via a dedicated cable to the display, with audio handled independently.

 

Considering point 3.: because the CX55 outputs composite video, its signal is sent to the 5200's RF modulator in a way that completely bypasses the 5200's own video path.  This makes sense, because the 5200's video path converts its GTIA video signals into composite before sending them off to the RF modulator; the CX55 has already done this, so it can circumvent this process.

 

However, the LUM0, LUM1, LUM2, sync, and colour signals from the CX55's TIA aren't brought over to the 5200 - just its audio and composite video signals.  Because of this, there is no way to directly feed the CX55's signals directly to a video upgrade on the 5200's PCB.  This also means that there is no good way for the CX55 to share the video output from the upgrade in the 5200.

 

 

Are there any possible solutions?

 

It would probably be more accurate to say that there are possible compromises, but no particularly good solutions given the tradeoffs involved.

 

Option 1: Using one of the basic 2600 composite mod boards (the type that typically consist of a transistor and two resistors or similar), tap the CX55's composite and audio paths.  Feed audio and composite to the 2600 mod board, then, via a switch, to the same composite and audio outputs as the 5200's video upgrade uses.

 

The downside to this approach is that there is no S-Video output, which may or may not be a consideration.  The switch would also have to be installed somewhere accessible from outside of the case.  Additionally, video quality may not be much better than RF using this method.

 

 

Option 2: Install a video upgrade in the CX55 itself as well as the necessary jacks and connect it directly to an input on the TV.

 

While there is enough room inside the CX55 to accommodate most video upgrades, the combination of available interior space and case design leaves very few options for where to install A/V jacks.  This would also involve having a second set of cables running from the console to the TV, and finding another input on the TV to attach them to.  Conceivably, they could also be routed to the cables used by the 5200's video upgrade via a switch, but it would still make for a less-than-elegant installation.

 

 

Option 3: Bring the CX55's video signals over to the 5200 via pins on the cartridge port that aren't used when the adapter is plugged in, and switch them into the 5200's video upgrade.

 

While this sounds like a good idea, it would involve modification (some of it not easily-reversible) to both the adapter and the 5200.  This would involve doing things like cutting traces, which is not particularly appealing.  There would also need to be a way to handle switching video signals when the CX55 is plugged in, and switching them back again when it isn't.  While this would likely yield the best overall result, its complexity and potential for damage make it not as desirable as it may appear on paper.

 

 

The 7800 has a complete 2600 on board, and video upgrades work just fine on it.  Why can't the 5200 do it the same way as the 7800?

 

On a 7800, all of the signals that video upgrades require are present on its PCB regardless of whether it's in 7800 or 2600 mode.  On the 5200, they aren't, even when the CX55 is connected.  Due to this, the two can't really be compared.

 

 

Can the 5200's expansion port make this work?

 

No.

 

 

And that's about the size of it for right now.  By all means feel free to share any ideas you may have for how to make this a realistic possibility.

It is worth noting that the 4 port modification to be compatible with the CX-55 adapter is exactly what you described of having to cut some traces and reroute additional components from the pins that the CX-55 uses for the audio, video, and power to allow the adapter to work. I'd have to look to see if there are enough unused pins on the 5200 port to allow the needed signals from the 2600 side to be routed back into an already installed UAV via direct wire. We would need power, audio, Lums 1,2,3 and S, and color from the CX-55. That is 5 extra pins and I'm not there are that many unused pins on the cartridge port? I know there are a few sure like pin 28 isn't used but I'd have to look and see if there are redundant grounds and the like that can be removed and reused.

 

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Just now, x=usr(1536) said:

Interesting.  What exactly does this entail?

My 5200 2 port  had "surgery" whereby a 3 plug RF was installed. It plugs into an RF adapter and into HD TV. The 5200 output is outstanding with video and sound. The only "issue" is with the sound when using the CX55. In the scheme of things, this is a very minor issue.

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1 hour ago, -^CrossBow^- said:

It is worth noting that the 4 port modification to be compatible with the CX-55 adapter is exactly what you described of having to cut some traces and reroute additional components from the pins that the CX-55 uses for the audio, video, and power to allow the adapter to work. I'd have to look to see if there are enough unused pins on the 5200 port to allow the needed signals from the 2600 side to be routed back into an already installed UAV via direct wire. We would need power, audio, Lums 1,2,3 and S, and color from the CX-55. That is 5 extra pins and I'm not there are that many unused pins on the cartridge port? I know there are a few sure like pin 28 isn't used but I'd have to look and see if there are redundant grounds and the like that can be removed and reused.

 

Yep, and that was the under-the-iceberg part of all of this ;)

 

My thinking is that since only the power, GND, audio, and video pins on the 5200's cartridge port should be in use when the CX-55 is connected, that might leave a bunch left over that are basically going unused.  They may be able to be used, provided that they're cut and a switch is installed to allow them to work normally when the adapter isn't inserted.

 

However, that's a big 'should'.  I haven't tested it yet, and it's been a long time since I looked at the CX55's PCB to see where the traces from the cartridge port actually go.  It's also something that would be best handled by switching in logic rather than physically, but that's getting ahead of myself.  From what I recall, though, the issue isn't so much getting the signals from the CX55 to the 5200 as it is what to do with them once they reach the 5200.

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6 minutes ago, Flyindrew said:

My 5200 2 port  had "surgery" whereby a 3 plug RF was installed. It plugs into an RF adapter and into HD TV. The 5200 output is outstanding with video and sound. The only "issue" is with the sound when using the CX55. In the scheme of things, this is a very minor issue.

My apologies - I'm just not picking up on what you're describing.  By any chance do you happen to have photos?

 

 

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37 minutes ago, x=usr(1536) said:

Yep, and that was the under-the-iceberg part of all of this ;)

 

My thinking is that since only the power, GND, audio, and video pins on the 5200's cartridge port should be in use when the CX-55 is connected, that might leave a bunch left over that are basically going unused.  They may be able to be used, provided that they're cut and a switch is installed to allow them to work normally when the adapter isn't inserted.

 

However, that's a big 'should'.  I haven't tested it yet, and it's been a long time since I looked at the CX55's PCB to see where the traces from the cartridge port actually go.  It's also something that would be best handled by switching in logic rather than physically, but that's getting ahead of myself.  From what I recall, though, the issue isn't so much getting the signals from the CX55 to the 5200 as it is what to do with them once they reach the 5200.

I just took a look and ONLY pin 28 is unused in both models of the consoles. The other unused pins in the 4 port aside from 28 are used to provide the needed composite and unregulated DC out etc. from the CX-55 adapter. So I think the best hope here is installing a separate cheap composite kit that feeds off that composite pin from the CX-55 adapter and run that out to a shared composite from a UAV setup inside the 5200. Wouldn't cause any conflicts that I can see since only the CX-55 or a 5200 games would be in use. I'm also not sure if the composite off the CX-55 is usable in its current form for use with a separate board?

 

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5 minutes ago, -^CrossBow^- said:

I'm also not sure if the composite off the CX-55 is usable in its current form for use with a separate board?

Since it's injected straight into the RF modulator after the 5200's video path, I suspect that it likely is usable.

 

This is actually giving me some impetus to get off my arse and put together the CX55 test harness I've had the parts sitting around for.  This would allow it to run outside of the 5200, which would give a better idea of what it's actually outputting.  If I can find a couple of hours this weekend, I'll see about making it happen.

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Well, I think using a separate composite only board for use with the CX-55 adapter is the best option here. Because even if you did isolate additional pins and use a switch to allow you to run the separate signals off the TIA inside the adapter, you still can't mix them with the UAV already installed because the jumpers and stuff set in place for the 5200 use, wouldn't work with the 2600 setup. So you would need to install a second UAV inside the 5200 at that point dedicated to the CX-55 adapter. 

 

Just sounds like a royal mess and very easy way to hose up a 5200 console when just purchasing a dedicated 2600 would be cheaper when you calculate the time alone needed for the work required.

 

 

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13 minutes ago, -^CrossBow^- said:

Well, I think using a separate composite only board for use with the CX-55 adapter is the best option here. Because even if you did isolate additional pins and use a switch to allow you to run the separate signals off the TIA inside the adapter, you still can't mix them with the UAV already installed because the jumpers and stuff set in place for the 5200 use, wouldn't work with the 2600 setup. So you would need to install a second UAV inside the 5200 at that point dedicated to the CX-55 adapter.

In theory, a DPST 5-pole switch could accomplish the switching between the 5200 and CX55 signals, provided that the output from the switch is wired directly to the UAV's inputs.  This would allow for a single UAV to handle both, since the switch would be responsible for providing the correct signal to the UAV's inputs.  As long as everything is wired correctly at the switch, it should work.  Should ;)

16 minutes ago, -^CrossBow^- said:

Just sounds like a royal mess and very easy way to hose up a 5200 console when just purchasing a dedicated 2600 would be cheaper when you calculate the time alone needed for the work required.

 

100% agreed.

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3 hours ago, Flyindrew said:

My 5200 2 port  had "surgery" whereby a 3 plug RF was installed. It plugs into an RF adapter and into HD TV. The 5200 output is outstanding with video and sound. The only "issue" is with the sound when using the CX55. In the scheme of things, this is a very minor issue.

"3 plug RF"? That sounds more like an AV mod to me.

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4 hours ago, x=usr(1536) said:

That's what I was wondering as well.  Photos would definitely help.

...or at least a YouTube video or an .mp4 file of it (AA now allows straight-up .mp4/.mp3 files to be uploaded direct to this board, no YouTube BS needed!)

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28 minutes ago, Flyindrew said:

 

20230503_083026.jpg

Looks like a standard set of cabling for a composite mod, not RF output.

 

Only way to know for certain is to open it up, remove the RF shield (if present), and see what's in there, but totally understood if that's not something you want to do.  Either way, that cable would typically be used with an A/V mod / upgrade.

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22 minutes ago, x=usr(1536) said:

Looks like a standard set of cabling for a composite mod, not RF output.

 

Only way to know for certain is to open it up, remove the RF shield (if present), and see what's in there, but totally understood if that's not something you want to do.  Either way, that cable would typically be used with an A/V mod / upgrade.

Thanks. Im cool with the way things are at this point. Not that it causes me any dissatisfaction in any way, I was just curious for the heck of it, as to the reason why sound doesnt work when I use the CX55.

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1 hour ago, ApolloBoy said:

Your AV mod probably taps audio from the POKEY chip and not from where it goes into the 5200's RF modulator.

Everything  on the 5200 itself works perfectly, sound and video. Its the audio when using the CX55 when playing 2600 games that doesnt work.

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10 minutes ago, Flyindrew said:

Everything  on the 5200 itself works perfectly, sound and video. Its the audio when using the CX55 when playing 2600 games that doesnt work.

That is becaues the audio from the CX-55 adapter doesn't go through the rest of the audio circuits on the 5200 and is essentially injected straight into the RF modulator. The AV upgrades on the 5200 usually tap the audio from the pokey section directly and not setup to take it from the RF input. I've never even thought about it because the rest of the video upgrades kill the ability to use the CX-55 through them so never thought to make the audio still function. I could look into that I supposed but again, it wouldn't do anything for the video from the CX-55 since that still all goes through the RF modulator.

 

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25 minutes ago, Flyindrew said:

Everything  on the 5200 itself works perfectly, sound and video. Its the audio when using the CX55 when playing 2600 games that doesnt work.

As CrossBow explained, your AV mod doesn't work with CX55 audio because it's likely grabbing the audio directly from the POKEY chip, which provides audio for the 5200 side of things. The CX55's audio gets mixed in with the POKEY audio before it goes into the RF modulator, so you would need to have the mod partially redone so it takes audio from where the RF modulator connects to the board.

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11 minutes ago, ApolloBoy said:

As CrossBow explained, your AV mod doesn't work with CX55 audio because it's likely grabbing the audio directly from the POKEY chip, which provides audio for the 5200 side of things. The CX55's audio gets mixed in with the POKEY audio before it goes into the RF modulator, so you would need to have the mod partially redone so it takes audio from where the RF modulator connects to the board.

Thanks!! Greatly appreciated

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2 hours ago, -^CrossBow^- said:

Question... are you stating that you are getting video from the cables you have with the CX-55 but not the audio? 

 

The CX-55 video is perfect. The audio actually does exist but its like a muffled whisper on 2600 carts. The 5200 cart audio is perfect. 

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