CPM/Z-80 card for the 1090XL -- Calling anyone with Z-80 experience!

dely · July 4

I managed to get the right CPU for my Z80 card, so I can finally perform some tests. Most software works flawlessly, but I noticed some strange behaviour in terminal. Take a look at video - you can not use "backspace" because commands are not recognised. However using CTRL+H works - even if screen output is garbled.

ivop · July 4

10 hours ago, dely said:

I managed to get the right CPU for my Z80 card, so I can finally perform some tests. Most software works flawlessly, but I noticed some strange behaviour in terminal. Take a look at video - you can not use "backspace" because commands are not recognised. However using CTRL+H works - even if screen output is garbled.

AFAIK reifsneiderb didn't implement any terminal emulation. Its keyboard input should map Atari "Delete Back Space" key to ASCII $08. The screen output driver should implement at least the most basic terminal CP/M expects, completely ignoring the Atari E: terminal codes. Writing $08 to the screen should move the cursor one location to the left. Without clearing the character underneath, because that's not what BS used to do back in the day. The "garbage" that you see is CCP writing BS,space,BS to clear the last typed character.

Edited July 4 by ivop

reifsnyderb · July 4

10 hours ago, dely said:

I managed to get the right CPU for my Z80 card, so I can finally perform some tests. Most software works flawlessly, but I noticed some strange behaviour in terminal. Take a look at video - you can not use "backspace" because commands are not recognised. However using CTRL+H works - even if screen output is garbled.

Hello,

It's good to see you got the card working!

Since I never used CP/M, I am at a disadvantage. If somebody can post some sort of keyboard equates, I'll start making corrections

Best Regards,

Brian

drac030 · July 4

1 hour ago, ivop said:

AFAIK reifsneiderb didn't implement any terminal emulation. Its keyboard input should map Atari "Delete Back Space" key to ASCII $08. The screen output driver should implement at least the most basic terminal CP/M expects, completely ignoring the Atari E: terminal codes. Writing $08 to the screen should move the cursor one location to the left. Without clearing the character underneath, because that's not what BS used to do back in the day. The "garbage" that you see is CCP writing BS,space,BS to clear the last typed character.

This is rather funny way to say that the terminal emulation - which is rather crucial in CP/M - is faulty.

1 hour ago, reifsnyderb said:

If somebody can post some sort of keyboard equates, I'll start making corrections

It is not about the keyboard equates. It is about the display control characters. There are many terminals for CP/M, every one featuring a specific set of control characters. You need to implement a specific terminal, then allow the users to configure their applications for that specific terminal. I recommend Lear Siegler ADM-31, it is quite advanced. Here is the documentation http://bitsavers.org/pdf/learSiegler/ADM_31/DP-211_ADM_31_Users_Manual_May80.pdf

Otherwise, you can also try Lear Siegler ADM-3a (aka dumb terminal) or Kaypro 2/4/10 which is its (the dumb terminal's) extension.

Good luck, while writing the CP/Emu for Rapidus

I found the terminal emulation to be a rather challenging topic. So, don't give up

Edited July 4 by drac030
link fix

reifsnyderb · July 4

5 minutes ago, drac030 said:

This is rather funny way to say that the terminal emulation - which is rather crucial in CP/M - is faulty.

It is not about the keyboard equates. It is about the display control characters. There are many terminals for CP/M, every one featuring a specific set of control characters. You need to implement a specific terminal, then allow the users to configure their applications for that specific terminal. I recommend Lear Siegler ADM-31, it is quite advanced. Here is the documentation https://www.progettosnaps.net/manuals/pdf/adm31.pdf

Otherwise, you can also try Lear Siegler ADM-3a (aka dumb terminal) or Kaypro 2/4/10 which is its (the dumb terminal's) extension.

Good luck, while writing the CP/Emu for Rapidus

I found the terminal emulation to be a rather challenging topic. So, don't give up

Ok. What's the simplest terminal emulation to implement that would work?

drac030 · July 4

36 minutes ago, reifsnyderb said:

What's the simplest terminal emulation to implement that would work?

The dumb terminal, Lear Siegler ADM-3a.

EDIT: sorry, bad link to the ADM-31 manual, here is what is possibly a better one http://bitsavers.org/pdf/learSiegler/ADM_31/DP-211_ADM_31_Users_Manual_May80.pdf

Edited July 4 by drac030

reifsnyderb · July 4

49 minutes ago, drac030 said:

The dumb terminal, Lear Siegler ADM-3a.

EDIT: sorry, bad link to the ADM-31 manual, here is what is possibly a better one http://bitsavers.org/pdf/learSiegler/ADM_31/DP-211_ADM_31_Users_Manual_May80.pdf

Is this what I am looking for?

ivop · July 4

The easiest would be ADM-3a:

https://vt100.net/lsi/adm3a-om.pdf

See table at page 3-5

You need to implement:

BS (cursor left, non-destructive)

LF (cursor down)

VT (cursor up)

FF (cursor right)

CR (cursor to left margin)

SUB (clear screen)

ESC (=YX position cursor)

RS (home cursor, no clear screen)

Other ASCII values < 32 should do nothing (i.e. don't print control graphics characters)

You keyboard input should map Atari RETURN (155) to CR (13), DELETE (126) to DEL/RUB (127) or BS(8), and TAB (127) to HT (9).

aeberbach · July 4

It might be easier to start with something slightly more complicated but also more documented. Such as the VT220 - I have done this in Objective C and it is not too hard to follow and end up with something that passes vttest (and there are parts you can skip if you prefer to aim for VT100 etc.)

drac030 · July 4

2 hours ago, reifsnyderb said:

Is this what I am looking for?

Table 4.1 is what you're looking for. Every terminal will implement the dumb terminal codes. Then, when asked about, you should choose "dumb terminal" or "Lear Siegler ADM-3a". This is the sort of questions CP/M programs ask, or their configuration utilities.

Ctrl/G $07 bell

Ctrl/H $08 cursor left

Ctrl/I $09 tab

Ctrl/J $0a cursor down/line feed

Ctrl/K $0b cursor up

Ctrl/M $0c carriage return

Ctrl/Z $1a clear screen/cursor home

Ctrl/^ $1e cursor home

As the next step, you could consider implementing the Kaypro terminal codes. It is few codes more than the dumb terminals implement. When done so, you could configure your programs to use either "dumb terminal", "Lear Siegler ADM-3a" or "Kaypro 2/4/10".

Ctrl/W $17 clear to end of screen

Ctrl/X $18 clear to end of line

The Lear Siegler ADM-31 implements all of the ADM-3a plus 16 additional Esc sequences described in the documentation. Once you implement them, you can configure your programs as using the Lear Siegler ADM-31 terminal.

EDIT: here is the Wordstar 3.0 terminal menu.

WeLcOmE tO tHe Cp/M!

Edited July 4 by drac030

reifsnyderb · July 5

@drac030 and/or @ivop

Any thoughts on how to handle the CR/LF situation?

It appears that CP/M sends a CR/LF separately. But the Atari doesn't handle the situation very well. Then, I am using E:, as well. The closest I have is a Return ($9B) which does both the CR/LF together.

Thanks!

Edit to add:

My temporary solution is to ignore line feeds and only process carriage returns.

I did get the delete back space key working under many circumstances.

Edited July 5 by reifsnyderb

_The Doctor__ · July 5

line feed is cursor movement down, (CTRL DOWN ARROW). Carriage return is jump to beginning of line. CR LF is those two in that order. Atari Return does the same thing all at once but also is immediate mode execution. So process then independently when alone and as Atari Return when together.

reifsnyderb · July 5

23 minutes ago, _The Doctor__ said:

line feed is cursor movement down, (CTRL DOWN ARROW). Carriage return is jump to beginning of line. CR LF is those two in that order. Atari Return does the same thing all at once but also is immediate mode execution. So process then independently when alone and as Atari Return when together.

Ok. What do I send to E: to do this?

i.e.

For a line feed, CP/M sends $0A. So I can use a $1D. However, for a carriage return CP/M sends an $0D. Using $9B clearly isn't the answer and I don't see anything I can send to E: that can just move the cursor to the left side of the screen.

I've started using tables to make these translations. What do I use instead of $9B?

;DB $0A,$1D ; LF - Line Feed (Move cursor down one space)
;DB $0D,$9B ; CR - Carriage Return (Move cursor to beginning of line)

+kheller2 · July 5

SHIFT F3 (whatever that is) does it. Code $90?

cathrynm · July 5

1 hour ago, reifsnyderb said:

Ok. What do I send to E: to do this?

i.e.

For a line feed, CP/M sends $0A. So I can use a $1D. However, for a carriage return CP/M sends an $0D. Using $9B clearly isn't the answer and I don't see anything I can send to E: that can just move the cursor to the left side of the screen.

I've started using tables to make these translations. What do I use instead of $9B?

;DB $0A,$1D ; LF - Line Feed (Move cursor down one space)
;DB $0D,$9B ; CR - Carriage Return (Move cursor to beginning of line)

$9B,$1C -- maybe? Do a CR, and then up arrow one line so it stays on the same line? Would cause cause chaos at the bottom of the screen, but maybe close enough?

reifsnyderb · July 5

1 hour ago, kheller2 said:

SHIFT F3 (whatever that is) does it. Code $90?

I'll need the ATASCII code, if it exists. So far, the ATASCII codes for the arrows don't appear to be it. Whatever it is, it needs to go through the CIO E: handler.

reifsnyderb · July 5

1 hour ago, cathrynm said:

$9B,$1C -- maybe? Do a CR, and then up arrow one line so it stays on the same line? Would cause cause chaos at the bottom of the screen, but maybe close enough?

I thought about this but it makes it more difficult in many ways. If I have the ATASCII code, it will be easy. I am hoping that somebody can point me in the right direction. Otherwise, it could be days worth of screwing around with this. (I already spent a day at it.)

ivop · July 6

The arrow codes should work to move the cursor left/right/up/down but they wrap at the edges which is not what you want. There is no ATASCII code to go to the beginning of the line. Also note that the delete line code (156) may delete one, two or three lines, depending on where it thinks you are in the 120 character line. The E: handler will constantly be working against you, and it's slow (80 columns might be faster, I don't know, but 40 columns E: is slooow). You'll be better off writing your own screen driver. If you really insist on going through CIO, you could try keep track of the cursor location yourself and start fiddling with ROWCRS/COLCRS to change the cursor position each time before you print a character. I don't know if the 80 column handler supports that.

Edited July 6 by ivop

reifsnyderb · July 6

2 hours ago, ivop said:

The arrow codes should work to move the cursor left/right/up/down but they wrap at the edges which is not what you want. There is no ATASCII code to go to the beginning of the line. Also note that the delete line code (156) may delete one, two or three lines, depending on where it thinks you are in the 120 character line. The E: handler will constantly be working against you, and it's slow (80 columns might be faster, I don't know, but 40 columns E: is slooow). You'll be better off writing your own screen driver. If you really insist on going through CIO, you could try keep track of the cursor location yourself and start fiddling with ROWCRS/COLCRS to change the cursor position each time before you print a character. I don't know if the 80 column handler supports that.

Thanks! I'll take another look at the arrow codes as they seem to be a compromise.

Both the standard 40 column display and 80 column card have their own E: handler. So, it makes some sense to try to use what already exists. Most likely, the 80 column card solutions would work best, anyhow, as CP/M appears to have been written for 80 column displays. (The 40 column output is a little "jumbled".)

I checked through some of the previously disassembled original code and it doesn't look like Atari dealt with this, either.

drac030 · July 6

18 hours ago, reifsnyderb said:

Any thoughts on how to handle the CR/LF situation?

There are no corresponding ATASCII characters, but you can do that on E: provided that you have control on the cursor position variables ($55, $54).

CR is "cursor to left margin", so: crscol=lmargn (lda $52 sta $55), then, to make the cursor actually appear there, do something that is virtually a NOP, e.g. send ATASCII characters "cursor right", then "cursor left" ($1F, $1E).

LF looks more complicated, I would try this: check if the cursor is in the last line (i.e. if peek($54) = 23, or better if peek($54) = peek($2bf)-1). If not, just send ATASCII cursor down ($1D). If it is, save the X position ($55), send EOL, restore the X position, do cursor right, cursor left.

reifsnyderb · July 6

5 hours ago, drac030 said:

There are no corresponding ATASCII characters, but you can do that on E: provided that you have control on the cursor position variables ($55, $54).

CR is "cursor to left margin", so: crscol=lmargn (lda $52 sta $55), then, to make the cursor actually appear there, do something that is virtually a NOP, e.g. send ATASCII characters "cursor right", then "cursor left" ($1F, $1E).

LF looks more complicated, I would try this: check if the cursor is in the last line (i.e. if peek($54) = 23, or better if peek($54) = peek($2bf)-1). If not, just send ATASCII cursor down ($1D). If it is, save the X position ($55), send EOL, restore the X position, do cursor right, cursor left.

I was thinking that the E: handlers didn't bother with CRSCOL and others. So, I checked both the OS and 80 column card and they use these values. I am working on code to use these values. Thanks!

phaeron · July 6

As people have mentioned, you're going to run into problems with the way that the Display Handler emulates longer logical lines on top of physical lines. In addition to Delete Line deleting logical lines instead of physical lines, it'll also push down lines when printing characters off the right margin, since it extends the logical line to up to 3 physical lines. 80 column handlers also differ in the handling of this; the XEP80 for instance, has no limit on logical line length.

ClausB · July 7

ACE80's E: handler implements logical lines of just 80 columns. I never heard any complaints.

reifsnyderb · July 12

Latest boot disk and code. The code is GPL'd. I'll be releasing the development environment soon.

Boot disk:

cpm10f.atr

Source code to boot disk I/O code and CP/M BIOS:

atariio.asm

CBIOS.asm

sup8pdct · July 12

I don't know if this will help any.

Here is character translation tables from original atari cpm boot disk

Offset 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F

00000000   00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07    08 09 0A 0B 0C 0D 0E 0F   ................
00000010   10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17    18 19 1A 1B 1C 1D 1E 1F   ................
00000020   20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27    28 29 2A 2B 2C 2D 2E 2F    !"#$%&'()*+,-./
00000030   30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37    38 39 3A 3B 3C 3D 3E 3F   0123456789:;<=>?
00000040   40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47    48 49 4A 4B 4C 4D 4E 4F   @ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO
00000050   50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57    58 59 5A 5B 5C 5D 5E 5F   PQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_
00000060   60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67    68 69 6A 6B 6C 6D 6E 6F   `   abcdefghijklmno
00000070   70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77    78 79 7A 0B 7C 0C 08 09       pqrstuvwxyz.|...
00000080   80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87    88 89 8A 8B 8C 8D 8E 8F        €.‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹Œ.Ž.
00000090   90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97    98 99 9A 0D 9C 9D 9E 9F         .‘’“”•–—˜™š.œ.žŸ
000000A0   A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7   A8 A9 AA AB AC AD AE AF        ¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯
000000B0   B0 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7   B8 B9 BA BB BC BD BE BF       °±²³´µ¶·¸¹º»¼½¾¿
000000C0   C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7   C8 C9 CA CB CC CD CE CF      ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ
000000D0   D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 DA DB DC DD DE DF   ÐÑÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞß
000000E0   E0 E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7     E8 E9 EA EB EC ED EE EF          àáâãäåæçèéêëìíîï
000000F0   F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7       F8 F9 FA FB FC FD 7F FF         ðñòóôõö÷øùúûüý.ÿ

00000100   00 01 02 03 04 05 06 FD    7E 7F 1D 7B 7D 9B 0E 0F   .......ý~..{}›..
00000110   10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17    18 19 1A 1B 1C 1D 1E 1F   ................
00000120   20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27    28 29 2A 2B 2C 2D 2E 2F     !"#$%&'()*+,-./
00000130   30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37    38 39 3A 3B 3C 3D 3E 3F     0123456789:;<=>?
00000140   40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47    48 49 4A 4B 4C 4D 4E 4F     @ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO
00000150   50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57    58 59 5A 5B 5C 5D 5E 5F      PQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_
00000160   60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67    68 69 6A 6B 6C 6D 6E 6F   `   abcdefghijklmno
00000170   70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77    78 79 7A 5B 7C 5D 5E FE        pqrstuvwxyz[|]^th
00000180   80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87    88 89 8A 8B 8C 8D 8E 8F        €.‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹Œ.Ž.
00000190   90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97    98 99 9A 9B 9C 9D 9E 9F         .‘’“”•–—˜™š›œ.žŸ
000001A0   A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7   A8 A9 AA AB AC AD AE AF       ¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯
000001B0   B0 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7   B8 B9 BA BB BC BD BE BF      °±²³´µ¶·¸¹º»¼½¾¿
000001C0   C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7   C8 C9 CA CB CC CD CE CF      ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ
000001D0   D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 DA DB DC DD DE DF   ÐÑÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞß
000001E0   E0 E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7    E8 E9 EA EB EC ED EE EF          àáâãäåæçèéêëìíîï
000001F0   F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7     F8 F9 FA FB FC FD FE FF             ðñòóôõö÷øùúûüýthÿ

CPM/Z-80 card for the 1090XL -- Calling anyone with Z-80 experience!

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